碳酸盐岩红色风化壳中的氧化铁矿物   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

朱立军  李景阳 《地质科学》2001,36(4):395-401

氧化铁矿物是碳酸盐岩红色风化壳的主要矿物成分和重要结构单元。运用X射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜、穆斯堡尔谱和电子探针等方法对碳酸盐岩红色风化壳中的氧化铁矿物进行了系统研究。碳酸盐岩红色风化壳中的氧化铁矿物主要有针铁矿、赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿。氧化铁矿物组合、含量和化学成分随成土环境和风化强度在剖面中呈明显的规律性变化,这为碳酸盐岩风化成土作用、红色风化壳成因与环境问题的深入研究提供了重要的矿物学依据。  相似文献   

多钨酸钠超声高速离心法——分离提纯微细矿物的新方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

段体玉  Anthony  M.Faiia 《地质与勘探》2001,37(5):38-40

多乌酸钠是一种无毒、无气味、易溶解、易配制、稳定性好、回收率高、使用方便安全的新型无机重液，其密度变化范围为1．0g/cm^3-3.1g/cm^3，分离缙云沸石和粘土矿土矿物取得了良好的效果。详述了多钨酸钠溶液的配制和回收，分离缙云沸石和粘土的实验流程及其应用前景。  相似文献   

裂隙型硬粘土的力学模型及其在边坡工程中的应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

韩贝传  曲永新  张永双 《工程地质学报》2001,9(2):204-208

硬粘土是介于软岩和硬土之间的一种介质, 其中含有规律分布的裂隙, 具有明显的方向性和各向异性特征; 本文从实际应用的角度出发, 提出一种适用于裂隙性硬粘土的损伤力学模型, 并应用于南水北调中线渠道边坡工程的数值模拟分析。  相似文献   

黔西南老万场红色粘土型金矿矿物特征及其意义   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

杨竹森  高振敏  罗泰义  李红阳  饶文波 《矿物学报》2001,21(2):239-245

对黔西南老万场金矿粘土层的矿物成分分析表明，粘粒级部分主要为高岭石、次为三水铝石、伊利石、石英、蒙脱石和锐钛矿，另有少量钾长石和斜长石；砂砾级部分主要为石英和风化的玄武岩、凝灰岩、粉砂质页岩和硅质岩岩屑，次为褐铁矿、铝土矿、锰质和钙泥质团声，矿物特征表明，粘土层是由峨眉山玄武岩、大厂层硅质岩、茅口灰岩和原生低温热液蚀变（矿化）岩风化的产物，矿床是在岩溶坍塌使成矿物质发生初步堆积，再经一定程度的红土化作用形成的红色粘土型金矿。  相似文献   

粘土矿物钝化改性及岩土的力学性质   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

张惠芬  冯璜  王辅亚  郭九皋  王德强 《矿物学报》2001,21(3):315-318

本文以自行研制的粘土矿物钝化剂对广东省和武汉市等六地区的土壤进行了钝化改性实验研究，并对钝化效果的影响因素做了初步的分析探讨。实验表明，虽然6个地区11个样品中的粘土矿物种类和含量不同，但钝化剂对所有样品都有稳定的作用。其稳定效果，不仅与样品的物相组成和粒度分布有关；而且还与粘土矿物的种类及其含量密切相关。就三种主要粘土矿物来说，钝化效果的顺序是高岭土＞伊利石＞蒙脱石。  相似文献   

Composite landfill liner design with Ankara clay, Turkey   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

İ. Met  H. Akgün 《Environmental Geology》2005,47(6):795-803

This study presents an overview of the geotechnical properties of the clayey soils, referred to as Ankara clay, at two sites of the Ankara region in an attempt to design a landfill profile composed of a high density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane/clay composite liner through the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) model and the Water Balance Method. The geotechnical properties of the landfill layers along with the water balance factors (i.e., evapotranspiration, precipitation, temperature, etc.) were assessed to determine the height of the water-saturated zone in the refuse above the composite liner for landfill design. The cumulative expected leakage rates through the composite liner constructed with compacted Ankara clay were related quantitatively to the cumulative average leachate head. The results of this investigation show that the leakage rates through the composite liner are within tolerable limits.  相似文献   

The Evolution of the Upper Mantle beneath the Canary Islands: Information from Trace Elements and Sr isotope Ratios in Minerals in Mantle Xenoliths   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

NEUMANN  ELSE-RAGNHILD; GRIFFIN  WILLIAM LINDSEY; PEARSON  NORMAN J.; O'REILLY  SUZANNE YVONNE 《Journal of Petrology》2004,45(12):2573-2612

Laser ablation microprobe data are presented for olivine, orthopyroxeneand clinopyroxene in spinel harzburgite and lherzolite xenolithsfrom La Palma, Hierro, and Lanzarote, and new whole-rock trace-elementdata for xenoliths from Hierro and Lanzarote. The xenolithsshow evidence of strong major, trace element and Sr isotopedepletion (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr 0·7027 in clinopyroxene in themost refractory harzburgites) overprinted by metasomatism. Thelow Sr isotope ratios are not compatible with the former suggestionof a mantle plume in the area during opening of the AtlanticOcean. Estimates suggest that the composition of the originaloceanic lithospheric mantle beneath the Canary Islands correspondsto the residues after 25–30% fractional melting of primordialmantle material; it is thus significantly more refractory than‘normal’ mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) mantle. Thetrace element compositions and Sr isotopic ratios of the mineralsleast affected by metasomatization indicate that the upper mantlebeneath the Canary Islands originally formed as highly refractoryoceanic lithosphere during the opening of the Atlantic Oceanin the area. During the Canarian intraplate event the uppermantle was metasomatized; the metasomatic processes includecryptic metasomatism, resetting of the Sr–Nd isotopicratios to values within the range of Canary Islands basalts,formation of minor amounts of phlogopite, and melt–wall-rockreactions. The upper mantle beneath Tenerife and La Palma isstrongly metasomatized by carbonatitic or carbonaceous meltshighly enriched in light rare earth elements (REE) relativeto heavy REE, and depleted in Zr–Hf and Ti relative toREE. In the lithospheric mantle beneath Hierro and Lanzarote,metasomatism has been relatively weak, and appears to be causedby high-Si melts producing concave-upwards trace element patternsin clinopyroxene with weak negative Zr and Ti anomalies. Ti–Al–Fe-richharzburgites/lherzolites, dunites, wehrlites and clinopyroxenitesformed from mildly alkaline basaltic melts (similar to thosethat dominate the exposed parts of the islands), and appearto be mainly restricted to magma conduits; the alkali basaltmelts have caused only local metasomatism in the mantle wall-rocksof such conduits. The various metasomatic fluids formed as theresults of immiscible separations, melt–wall-rock reactionsand chromatographic fractionation either from a CO₂-rich basalticprimary melt, or, alternatively, from a basaltic and a siliceouscarbonatite or carbonaceous silicate melt. KEY WORDS: mantle xenoliths; mantle minerals; trace elements; depletion; carbonatite metasomatism  相似文献   

硫化物矿物氧化反应动力学实验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

岳梅  赵峰华  朱银凤  丛志远  任德贻 《地球科学进展》2004,19(1):47-054

硫化物矿床和含硫化物矿床（如中高硫煤）在开发过程中由于氧化作用向环境释放大量的酸、硫酸盐、重金属及其它有害物质,造成一定范围内的次生地球化学异常和环境污染;而中国大陆硫化物的排放量2010年将达到39．1×10 6 t。因此,人们对硫化物矿物在表生环境下的氧化行为日益重视。硫化物矿物的氧化速率受矿物本身物理化学特性（组成、结构、表面性质）和介质条件（溶解氧DO、Fe 3＋浓度、pH、Eh、温度及微生物）等多种因素的控制。在全面分析近年来国内外文献的基础上,系统介绍了硫化物矿物氧化动力学实验研究方法、实验参数的选择、反应机理、反应产物及反应速率等的研究现状。指出今后应加强对初始阶段的氧化反应速率、反应中间产物、多因素的综合作用、分子水平上的反应机理解释等方面的研究。  相似文献   

沉积盆地油气成藏期研究及成藏过程综合分析方法   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

赵孟军  宋岩  潘文庆  韩剑发  柳少波  秦胜飞 《地球科学进展》2004,19(6):939-946

从油气成藏研究的发展阶段入手讨论了油气成藏期研究方法的演变,早期主要从生、储、盖、运、聚、保各项参数的有效配置,根据构造演化史、圈闭形成史与烃源岩生排烃史来推断油成藏期次和过程;近年来随着科技的进步,油气成藏期的"正演"分析方法,如对构造演化史、圈闭发育史与烃源岩生排烃史的研究越来越深入、精细,相应地深化了油气成藏条件、期次和过程的认识;同时,依靠"成藏化石"记录方面的成藏期定量数据分析可以"示踪"油气成藏期次和过程,如具有封闭特征的记录了沉积盆地早期油气成藏条件和过程的流体包裹体研究,具有开放特征的反映油气充注、演化过程的油气分异特征、储层沥青分析及自生矿物年代学研究等。并以克拉 2气田成藏过程为例,提出了在油气分异特征、包裹体分析、储层沥青分析和成岩矿物年代学等研究的基础上,结合盆地构造演化史、沉积埋藏史、烃源岩热演化史以及各种成藏条件的有效匹配,综合分析油气成藏期次、过程的方法。  相似文献   

Geochemical research on C—O and Sr—Nd isotopes of mantle-derived rocks from Shandong Province,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jianming?LiuEmail author  Hongfu?Zhang  Jinggui?Sun  Jie?Ye 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(2):171-180

This paper presents systematic studies on the C—O and Sr—Nd isotopic compositions for Cretaceous Badou carbonatites, Fangcheng basalts, and Jiaodong lamprophyres and Paleozoic Mengyin kimberlites in Shandong Province, China. Paleozoic kimberlites have normal and uniform C—O isotopic compositions with δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O in the range of −4.8‰—−7.6‰ and +9.9‰—+13.2‰, respectively. However, Cretaceous three different types of mantlederived rocks have quite different C—O isotopic compositions, indicating that the mantle sources are probably partially contaminated with organic carbon-bearing crustal materials. These Cretaceous rocks show uniform and EMII-like Sr—Nd isotopic compositions and also indicate that the mantle sources were affected by recycled crustal materials. Comparative studies of C—O and Sr—Nd isotopes reveal that the lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern North China Craton had different isotope characteristics in the Paleozoic, the early Cretaceous, and the Tertiary time. This demonstrates that the lithospheric mantle beneath the region underwent at least twice reconstructions since the Paleozoic. Available data imply that the first reconstruction mainly happened during the Triassic-Jurassic time with gradual changes and the second in the Cretaceous with abrupt changes. Results also show that the early Cretaceous (especially at 120-130 Ma) was perhaps the key period leading to the dramatic change of the Mesozoic geodynamics on the eastern North China Craton.  相似文献